Guanidine hydrochloride has commonly been used for the isolation of RNA, to denature globular proteins and for protein refolding studies. It can also be used to facilitate the generation of tryptic peptides for analysis of complex protein samples.

Urea can be used for the denaturation of proteins and as a mild solubilization agent for insoluble or denatured proteins.

Sodium hydroxide solution can be used in biopharmaceutical processes (both upstream and downstream).

DTT, Dithiothreitol can be used for maintaining thiol groups in a reduced state during protein processing, isolation, and denaturing.