DHAA, Dehydroascorbic acid can be used in the oxidation of proteins.

Bicine can be used in a wide array of biological applications including as a component in media formulations. Specific applications include buffers for electrophoresis, protein purification and diagnostic reagent production.

Boric Acid can be used in biopharmaceutical buffer formulations (both upstream and downstream).

DTE, Dithioerythritol can be used for maintaining thiol groups in a reduced state during protein processing, isolation, and denaturing.