Tris HCl can be used in biopharmaceutical buffer formulations (both upstream and downstream), electrophoresis separations and diagnostic reagent formulations. Tris HCl is especially useful in downstream purification processes.

Tromethamine can be used in biopharmaceutical buffer formulations (both upstream and downstream), electrophoresis separations and diagnostic reagent formulations. Tromethamine is especially useful in downstream purification processes.

Sodium hydroxide solution can be used in biopharmaceutical processes (both upstream and downstream).

Guanidine hydrochloride has commonly been used for the isolation of RNA, to denature globular proteins and for protein refolding studies. It can also be used to facilitate the generation of tryptic peptides for analysis of complex protein samples.