MES can be used in cell culture media, biopharmaceutical buffer formulations (both upstream and downstream), and diagnostic reagents. MES based buffers are used in purification bioprocesses of antibodies, peptides, proteins, blood components and growth factors.

MOPS can be used in cell culture media, biopharmaceutical buffer formulations (both upstream and downstream). MOPS based buffers are used in purification bioprocesses of antibodies, peptides, proteins and blood components.

Urea can be used for the denaturation of proteins and as a mild solubilization agent for insoluble or denatured proteins.

Tromethamine can be used in biopharmaceutical buffer formulations (both upstream and downstream), electrophoresis separations and diagnostic reagent formulations. Tromethamine is especially useful in downstream purification processes.