MOPS can be used in cell culture media, biopharmaceutical buffer formulations (both upstream and downstream). MOPS based buffers are used in purification bioprocesses of antibodies, peptides, proteins and blood components.

PIPES can be used in a wide array of biological applications, including as a component in media formulations. Specific applications include buffers for cell culture and diagnostic reagent production.

Urea can be used for the denaturation of proteins and as a mild solubilization agent for insoluble or denatured proteins.

Tris HCl can be used in biopharmaceutical buffer formulations (both upstream and downstream), electrophoresis separations and diagnostic reagent formulations. Tris HCl is especially useful in downstream purification processes.