Tris HCl can be used in biopharmaceutical buffer formulations (both upstream and downstream), electrophoresis separations and diagnostic reagent formulations. Tris HCl is especially useful in downstream purification processes.

Tromethamine can be used in biopharmaceutical buffer formulations (both upstream and downstream), electrophoresis separations and diagnostic reagent formulations. Tromethamine is especially useful in downstream purification processes.

Bicine can be used in a wide array of biological applications including as a component in media formulations. Specific applications include buffers for electrophoresis, protein purification and diagnostic reagent production.

PMSF is often used in lysis buffer to assist in preserving proteins of interest during protein isolation and sample preparation.