Guanidine hydrochloride has commonly been used for the isolation of RNA, to denature globular proteins and for protein refolding studies. It can also be used to facilitate the generation of tryptic peptides for analysis of complex protein samples.

MES can be used in cell culture media, biopharmaceutical buffer formulations (both upstream and downstream), and diagnostic reagents. MES based buffers are used in purification bioprocesses of antibodies, peptides, proteins, blood components and growth factors.

MOPS can be used in cell culture media, biopharmaceutical buffer formulations (both upstream and downstream). MOPS based buffers are used in purification bioprocesses of antibodies, peptides, proteins and blood components.

Tris HCl can be used in biopharmaceutical buffer formulations (both upstream and downstream), electrophoresis separations and diagnostic reagent formulations. Tris HCl is especially useful in downstream purification processes.